<p>The North Calais Village Historic District encompasses a linear 19th-century mill village in Calais, Vermont. It extends mainly along North Calais Road, paralleling Pekin Brook below Mirror Lake, where ruins of its former industrial past are still evident. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The historic district is generally arrayed along North Calais Road, between its junction with Upper Road in the north and jut beyond Nelson Pond Road in the south. A second, smaller axis of buildings are found along Upper Road, running south from the same junction to Dondone Road, a short spur that crosses Pekin Brook to the join the two major roads. Part of the district is also found along the GAR Road, which runs northwest along the southern shore of Mirror Lake. Almost all of the buildings in this area are residential wood frame structures, 1-1/2 to 2-1/2 stories in height. Most are Greek Revival in style. Non-residential buildings include a village hall and general store. Foundational remnants and ruins of the area&#39;s mills, and of a large early tavern, are found lining the banks of Pekin Brook.</p><br>
<p>North Calais is one of the rural communitys five village centers, which all arose in some isolation from one another due to the folded hilly terrain. The earliest documented mills on Pekin Brook date to the early 19th century. The village benefited in the mid-19th century from the abundant waterpower to provide a number of services to the surrounding rural areas, including the processing of wool from sheep, which became a major industry in Vermont in the 19th century. The village also benefited from its presence on the stagecoach route between Montpelier and Newport, continuing north into Canada. The village was bypassed by railroad development in the late 19th century, and its relatively small mills declined in the early 20th century, the buildings eventually succumbing to fire, neglect, and demolition. A number of the villages higher quality homes were built by the various mill owners.</p><br>
<p>The First Federal Savings and Loan Association Building is a historic building located in Downtown Davenport, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the Davenport Register of Historic Properties and on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>First Federal Savings and Loan Association was incorporated in December 1933, and it was one of the financial institutions in the city that survived the Great Depression. They began leasing the Lane Building in 1936 and purchased it three years later. Their operating budget grew from $5,487 in 1935 to $287,776 in 1941, and its assets from $14.8 million in 1947 to $53.5 million in 1959. They were primarily focused on financing new home construction and purchases, as well as capitalizing Davenport’s growth in the mid-20th century. By 1966 when this building was completed, First Federal was the largest Savings and loan association in eastern Iowa and western Illinois. The three-story Modern movement building was designed by William F. Cann of the Bank Building and Equipment Corp. of St. Louis. It was built at the same location of their previous building. This was one of the first and most architecturally significant modern buildings in Davenport. First Federal opened their first branch location on the north side of town in 1968.</p><br>
<p>The savings and loan reorganized as First Federal Savings Bank in 1993. It was folded into Mercantile Bank two years later. Mercantile moved their downtown headquarters in 1997, and this building was converted into an office building. It was vacated in 2015. Plans call for the building to be connected to the neighboring First Midwest building to create a new urban campus for Scott Community College.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The exterior of the reinforced concrete structure is clad in white Vermont marble. It represents a move away from the transparent “glass box” design and toward the use of mass, form and masonry cladding. A unique feature of the building was its original drive-thru window. The entrance was off Main Street on the west side of the building, and the customer would literally drive through the building and eventually exit onto West Third Street. The interior drive-thru was eliminated when the building was renovated in 1975, and a new drive-thru was built onto the east side. The mezzanine in the former in the financial services hall was eliminated in a 2002 building project when new office space was created.</p><br>
<p>Antioch School is a historic building located east of Anamosa, Iowa, United States. The frame one-room schoolhouse was constructed by local builder Edward M. Harvey in 1872. It served as school until 1959 when it was closed. American Regionalist artist Grant Wood attended school here from 1896 to 1901. The buildings and grounds were bought by the Paint N&#39; Palette Club who used the old school building as an art studio and gallery until 1965 when they built their present facility on the property. In 1997 the Jones County Historic Preservation Commission acquired the school building and grounds. There is also an outhouse northwest of the school building. The school and outhouse were listed together on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>The Edmund and Mary Ann Walworth Booth House is a historic building located in Anamosa, Iowa, United States. Raised in Longmeadow, Massachusetts, Edmund Booth contracted meningitis at age four and lost part of his hearing. By the time he was eight he was totally deaf. His wife Mary Ann was born in Connecticut and she was also four when she contracted meningitis, but lost all of her hearing at that time. Booth became an early educator for the deaf, and his wife was one of his pupils. They both relocated separately to Iowa in 1839, and married the following year. After spending five years in the California gold fields while his family remained in Iowa, Booth returned to Iowa and resumed farming. He was instrumental in establishing the Iowa School for the Deaf in 1855, and the Iowa Association of the Deaf in 1881. He became the associations president in 1884. Booth had a thirty-year career as the publisher and editor of the Anamosa Eureka. The Booths had this brick Italianate house built in 1870. They lived here until Mary Ann died in 1898 and Edmund in 1905. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>The Col. William T. and Elizabeth C. Shaw House is a historic building located in Anamosa, Iowa, United States. Shaw settled in this area in 1854, and as a building contractor was responsible for the construction of many of the commercial blocks in the central business district. He was also involved in the platting of the town of Strawberry Hill, which was eventually incorporated into Anamosa, and he helped construct the Dubuque and Southwestern and the Midland Railroads in town. Shaw served as a Colonel in the 14th Iowa Volunteer Infantry Regiment during the American Civil War. He had this two-story, brick Italian Villa built in 1872. It features a tall tower, bracketed eaves, low-pitched hip roof, elaborate window hoods, and tall, narrow windows. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>The Astin Mansion is a historic house located at 506 W. 26th Street, Bryan, Texas, USA. It was built in 1924 and designed in the English Georgian Revival style. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since September 25, 1987.</p><br>
<p>The Astin Mansion was built by Roger Q. Astin for his wife Nina (née Heard). Roger Astin was the youngest son of James Hugh Astin, a wealthy landowner and owner of the Rivermist cotton plantation. The Astin family significantly shaped the growth of Bryan, Texas and the Brazos Valley. There are several charitable organizations in the area that bear the Astin name as a result of the philanthrophy of Nina Astin.</p><br>
<p>The Astin Mansion was designed by architect Hal B. Thompson. Mr. Thompson also designed Highland Park in Dallas. The main house has 96 windows and 16 sets of French doors. The original slate roof has been maintained. Many of the interior fixtures, chandeliers and mirrors are original to the house. The overmantle was carved by Peter Mansbendel in the style of the famous English carver Grinling Gibbons. Mr. Mansbendel also carved several of the limestone and cast stone mantles. The ironwork is thought to be from Henry Potter Ironworks of Dallas. The Astin Mansion complex also includes a carriage house that has been converted into a lounge. Above it is an apartment. Additionally, behind the main house, there is a children&#39;s playhouse built by Nina Astin for her children that is a miniature of the mansion.</p><br>
<p>The Astin Mansion has been used as a Special Events Venue for upscale events since 2004.</p><br>
<p>The Königshafen  is the northernmost bight of the North Frisian island of Sylt in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein and thus also the northernmost bay in Germany. The bay gets its name from its use as a natural harbour and its legal status as part of the of Listland. The harbour was used until at least the 18th century and was later abandoned as it silted up.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The bay of Königshafen lies north of the Sylt coastal resort of List and southeast of the promontory of, the northernmost point of Germany, on which stand the lighthouses of</p><br>
<p>and, the two northernmost buildings in Germany. The bay has an area of roughly 4.2 km² and opens towards the east onto the Wadden Sea; it is only separated from the open North Sea to the west by a spit which is just 300 metres wide. In the Königshafen lie the small uninhabited island of Uthörn with its bird reserve, and the Lister Haken.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The natural harbour formed by the bight was valued in the past as a safe haven on the North Sea coast. In the Middle Ages, it was the most important port-of-call between the Danish town of Skagen to the north and the mouth of the River Elbe to the south Thus, for centuries, the Danish kings held Listland as a royal enclave.</p><br>
<p>However, according to contemporary accounts, the Königshafen began to silt up in the 18th century and became unusable for shipping. Until the mid-1980s NATO conducted regular air-to-ground firing exercises in the area.</p><br>
<h2>Today</h2><br>
<p>Since 1985 the Königshafen has been part of the Schleswig-Holstein Wadden Sea National Park and access on foot or by vehicle is only permitted under certain conditions. Part of the bay in the northwest of the Königshafen is today a popular wind surfing area.</p><br>
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<p>The Springwells Park Historic District is a historic residential neighborhood located in Dearborn, Michigan and bounded by Rotunda Drive, the Michigan Central Railroad line, and Greenfield and Eastham Roads. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This area was once part of a ribbon farm along the Rouge River. In 1914, Gustav Zanger purchased the property with the intent of transferring ownership to the Detroit Zoo. When the zoo decided to establish itself in Royal Oak instead, Henry Ford offered to buy the property. The property was sold to Ford in 1927. Ford donated the land to the Ford Foundation, and in 1938 the foundation decided to develop the land in to a residential subdivision.</p><br>
<p>The entire area and divided into five separate subdivisions and designed as a unit. The first subdivision, including the shopping center at the southeast corner of the neighborhood, was platted in 1939. Development was underway in the first subdivision by 1940, and the second was platted. The third and fourth followed in 1941, and by the advent of World War II 60% of the lots had been developed. Immediately after the war another 30% were developed, and the final ten percent of houses were constructed between 1960 and 1988. The fifth area was never platted, and is not included in this historic district. It was eventually sold and developed as an upscale golf course community.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Springwells Park neighborhood is platted into lots along gently curving streets that follow the terrain, with numerous cul-de-sacs. Mature trees are located throughout the neighborhood, and interior parks located in the center of the blocks. Structures in the district include single family homes, duplexes, townhouses, and terrace apartment houses, as well as a shopping center. Structures all share Colonial Revival design elements and similar exterior materials.</p><br>
<p>There are four hundred four contributing houses and duplexes in the neighborhood (and eight noncontributing houses), fifteen contributing apartment buildings (and twenty non-contributing apartment buildings) a shopping center with a two contributing, and two non-contributing buildings, and seven contributing parks. The shopping center is located at the southeast corner of the district, and the contributing apartment buildings are located to the west of the shopping center on the south portion of the district. Parks are equally spaced throughout the neighborhood; all but one (Bennington Park) are on the interior of the blocks.</p><br>
<p>Each individual house is unique, but all of the houses and duplexes are one, one-and-a-half, or two stories tall. All have Colonial Revival details and gable roofs. Exterior materials include brick, stone, clapboard, and combinations thereof. Most garages are attached, except in the northern sections of the neighborhood. The single-family house types include one-and-a-half-story Cape Cods, two-story center entrance, one-and-half-story cottages, and one-story ranch houses.</p><br>
<p>The duplexes are located in the north section of the neighborhood. Like the single-family homes, the duplexes vary in form but are constructed in similar styles and using similar materials. Many are two-story brick-clad houses, some with gable fronts; others have clapboard on the second floors or large projecting bays. The townhouse buildings are all similar, with adjacent portions of the buildings alternately set forward and recessed. All have two-story red brick walls and hip roofs covered with concrete tiles. The terrace apartment buildings are U-shaped, with center entrances and cupolas on top.</p><br>
<p>The Mintzer House is a historic house at 175-177 Intervale Avenue in Burlington, Vermont. Built as a single-family home about 1898, it is well-preserved example of vernacular Colonial Revival architecture built as worker housing. Now a duplex, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Mintzer House stands near the northernmost extent of Burlington&#39;s Old North End neighborhood, on the west side of Intervale Avenue roughly midway between Willow and Oak Streets. It is a two-story wood frame structure, with a gabled roof, stone foundation, and an exterior finished in a combination of wooden clapboards and shingles. A recessed porch extends partway along the left side, with an outside sheltered stairway providing access to a rear porch on the same side. The front of the house has a three-part window on the ground floor with stained glass detailing. The interior retains a number of original Colonial Revival details, especially in what is now the second-floor unit.</p><br>
<p>The area where the Mintzer House stands was rural for many years. Even though a subdivision including its parcel was laid out in 1855, the house was not built until about 1898, and has seen a succession of working-class immigrant residents. The earliest documented resident was William Bessette, a French Canadian, who was a barber. In 1906 it was acquired by the Mintzer family, Russian Jewish immigrants. About 1919 a commercial storefront was added to the front, and part of the building was used as a small shop. This storefront was later removed, when the building was converted to two-family use.</p><br>
<p>The S.S. Farwell House is a historic building located in Monticello, Iowa, United States. Farwell was an Ohio native who settled in Iowa in 1852, and spent of couple years in the late 1850s in Missouri before returning to the Monticello area. He was engaged in farming before the American Civil War, during which he served as a Captain in the 31st Iowa Volunteer Infantry Regiment. He saw action at Chickasaw Bayou, Vicksburg, and Missionary Ridge. He mustered out as a Major. After the war he served in the Iowa Senate and in various political appointments before becoming a banker. The two-story, frame house was built in two parts. The original Italianate section was completed in 1868, and the Colonial Revival addition with the front porch was added about 1909. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Ballymacgibbon Cairn is a cairn and National Monument located in County Mayo, Ireland.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Ballymacgibbon Cairn is atop a hill 1.4 km west of Cross, County Mayo.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Ballymacgibbon Cairn has never been excavated, but is believed to have been constructed in the Neolithic.</p><br>
<p>William Wilde claimed that the cairn was erected by the mythical king Eochaid mac Eirc to celebrate Battle of Moytura.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The cairn is a large limestone cairn 30 m across. It is surrounded by a low mound, and kerbstones are visible in several places, one of which has some interesting lines or scratches. The sides are very steep and the top is flat, indicating that it almost certainly contains a passage grave.</p><br>
<p>There is the remains of a lime kiln attached to the north side of the monument.</p><br>
<p>The Dr. Martin H. Caulkins House and Office is a historic building located in Wyoming, Iowa, United States. Caulkins was a New York native who started out as a teacher before studying medicine. He married his wife Lucinda Louden in 1855, and moved to Iowa the following year. Caulkins was the first physician to serve this rural community. He also served as the town&#39;s first mayor, and in the Iowa Legislature. The two-story, frame house was built in two parts. The success of his practice allowed him to build this house starting in 1860, and he continued to add to it as the need and finances allowed. Caulkins maintained his office in his house. It is a two-story frame structure that adheres to no particular style. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Ricks Brewery, also known as Minnie Creek Brewery and Old Brewery, is a historic building located west of Anamosa, Iowa, United States. John Kohl bought the property in 1858, and he joined with John B. Kraus and Wilhelm Romberg to build the initial part of the building the following year. The three-story structure was built of native limestone that was quarried 2 mi to the west. It was built into the side of a hill so each level has a ground level entrance. They operated Minnie Creek Brewery here until 1863 when the building was sold at a sheriffs sale to satisfy a judgment against the partners. Abram B. Head bought it and sold the building the next year to Michael F. Rick who operated the brewery for 13 years and expanded the building to its present size. Rick also lost the building in a sheriff&#39;s sale in 1878 to satisfy a judgement against him. From 1882 to 1894 Iowa went through is first period of prohibition and it is not certain whether the building has housed a brewery since. It has subsequently been transformed into a residence. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>The Houghton House is a historic house at 86 South Main Street in the city of St. Albans, Vermont. Built about 1800, with an interior dating to 1829-30, it is a fine and little-altered local example of transitional Georgian-Federal styling, and is one of the city&#39;s oldest surviving buildings. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. It presently houses a funeral home.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Houghton House stands south of St. Albans&#39;s central business district, on the west side of South Main Street opposite the Bellows Free Academy. It is a two-story wood-frame structure, with a low-pitch hip roof and clapboarded exterior. The front facade is five bays wide and symmetrical, with a center entrance flanked by sidelight windows. Above the entrance is a Palladian window. The interior follows a Georgian central hall plan, with parlors on either side in the front, and a library and dining room to the rear. The original kitchen was located in an ell extending to the rear. The interior woodwork is mainly from the late 1820s, and is of high quality. The parlors feature particularly elaborate woodwork, with a pilastered fireplace mantel, and ropework and dentil moulding in the cornices.</p><br>
<p>The house was built about 1800 by John Curtis, and was acquired by Abel Houghton in 1828. Houghton was responsible for the later stylistic alterations to the interior, which are believed to have been executed by Henry Bridges, a local master carver. The house remained in the Houghton family until the late 20th century, and now serves as a funeral home.</p><br>
<p>Moquin&#39;s Bakery, also known locally as the Biscuit Factory and the National Biscuit Company, is a historic former industrial facility at 78 Rose Street in Burlington, Vermont. Built in 1915 by a local bakery, it was acquired and enlarged by the National Biscuit Company , which operated here until 1969. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997 for its economic and commercial historic significance, and has since then been converted into residences.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Moquins Bakery building stands in a predominantly residential area of Burlingtons Old North End, on the east side of Rose Street between Cedar Street and Manhattan Drive. It is a large two-story brick building, with single-story extensions on both sides. The main facade is seven bays wide, with the central section having three bays articulated by brick pilasters. The outermost bays consist of paired sash windows, set in segmented-arch openings, above which is a band of brick corbelling. Although it is basically symmetrical, the building has a complex construction history, beginning as a single-story two-bay structure in the center of the structure.</p><br>
<p>The oldest portion of the building was erected in 1915 by John and Julius Moquin, and by the 1920s had grown to be a major local economic presence, delivering bread and other bakery products across the state. The Moquin&#39;s withdrew from the business in the 1930s, and it eventually merged with the National Biscuit Company. The plant was substantially enlarged about 1940, and had by 1945 achieved most of its present size and scale. It was closed in 1969, and was used for a time as a warehouse before a brief reuse as a bakery in 1982. It has since been adaptively repurposed into residences.</p><br>
<p>The Old Red Mill is a historic mill complex at Vermont Route 12 and Lovers Lane in southern Northfield, Vermont. Built in 1898, the building houses a nearly intact water-powered grain grinding mechanism from the period. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Old Red Mill stands at the northern edge of the village of South Northfield, at the southwest corner of Vermont Route 12 with Lovers Lane. It is set between Route 12 and Sunny Brook, a branch of the Dog River which was the source of its power. It is a single-story wood-frame structure, with a gabled roof and vertical board siding. It is set on a foundation of slate, and has two additions extending away from the brook and toward the road. The first has a higher gabled roof and is capped by a cupola, while the second has a shed roof. The mill received its water power via a concrete dam and penstock, which direct water into a metal turbine. The turbine powers the main drive shaft, from which power was transferred to other devices via leather or rubberized canvas belts. Surviving equipment includes conveyor belts and grain cleaning and milling equipment.</p><br>
<p>Mills have existed on this site since at least the early 19th century. This mill was built as a replacement for one that burned in 1896 by M.W. Partch in 1897-98. The gristmill operated until the mid-1940s, and was joined in the building by a cider mill in the 1930s. A number of auxiliary outbuildings, primarily for the storage of grain, have been demolished.</p><br>
<p>The Murray–Isham Farm, or more recently just the Isham Family Farm, is a historic farm property at 3515 Oak Hill Road in Williston, Vermont. The farm has been in active use since about 1850, most of them by the Isham family. The farmstead includes a c. 1850 Gothic Revival house and farm buildings of similar vintage. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992, and is the subject of a conservation easement preserving its agricultural character.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Isham farm consists of 162 acre of land, divided into to two parcels. The larger western parcel is itself divided by Oak Hill Road, with the farmstead on the smaller eastern half. Meeting at the easternmost corner of the larger parcel is a roughly rectangular but otherwise landlocked parcel. The farm property has for many years served as a dairy farm, and its land is divided into cropland, pasture, hay, and woodlots. The farm complex occupies about 4 acre on the east side of Oak Hill Road. It includes a c. 1850 farmhouse with vernacular Gothic Revival elements, and a carriage barn and dairy barn dating to the same time. Most of the remaining buildings are from the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The farm was established about 1850 by Hiram and Charlotte Murray, the house built for them by her father, George Whitney. The couple primarily raised sheep, but had a significant side business producing butter and cheese. In 1871 Jarius David Isham purchased the Murray property, adding it to a small parcel he had previously purchased. Since then, several generations have worked the land principally as a dairy operation. In 2002, David Isham donated a conservation easement to the Vermont Land Trust, providing for the property&#39;s preservation as a farm.</p><br>
<p>Ballylahan Castle is a tower house and National Monument located in County Mayo, Ireland.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Ballylahan Castle is located 2.3 km northeast of Strade, on the south bank of the River Moy.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This castle was constructed in 1239 by Jordan de Exeter, Sheriff of Connacht and was the ancient seat of the Mac Siúrtáin (MacJordans).</p><br>
<p>The castle came under attack in 1316 by the King of Connacht, Fedlim Ó Conchobair and was almost destroyed.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The main entrance was in the east and it was flanked by two circular towers, of which only one remains. The entrance gives access to an irregular hexagonal bawn. There is evidence of buildings particularly against the western wall. The bawn has some good base-batter, particularly at the northwest corner.</p><br>
<p>Granuaile&#39;s Castle is a tower house and National Monument located in Clare Island, Ireland.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Granuaile&#39;s Castle is located on the east coast of Clare Island.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Granuailes Castle was built in the 16th century by the Ó Máille (OMalley), Kings of Umaill. It was a stronghold of Gráinne Ní Mháille (Grace O&#39;Malley, c. 1530 – c. 1603), the famous "pirate queen." Her other strongholds were at Rockfleet Castle (on Clew Bay) and Carrickkildavnet Castle.</p><br>
<p>In the 1820s the castle was converted into a police barracks, when the purple slate flashing was added to the two bartizans.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The main living room was at that first floor level with access to the bartizans and the garderobe.</p><br>
<p>The Vogelherd Cave  is located in the eastern Swabian Jura, south-western Germany. This limestone karst cave came to scientific and public attention after the 1931 discovery of the Upper Palaeolithic Vogelherd figurines, attributed to paleo-humans of the Aurignacian culture. These miniature sculptures made of mammoth ivory rank among the oldest uncontested works of art of mankind. In 2017 the site became part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site "Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura".</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The site is located on the edge of the valley of the river Lone near Stetten ob Lontal, part of Niederstotzingen in the eastern Swabian Jura, Baden-Württemberg, southern Germany. It is not publicly accessible, but since 2013 has been embedded in the Archäopark Vogelherd that includes a museum and a visitor center.</p><br>
<p>The cave is located on a hill 20 m above the river Lone with a 180 degree view over the valley. The Y-shaped cave occupies about 170 m&sup2; and had an initial height of three to four meters. There are three entrance holes. Two large, 2.5 to 3.5 meter high entrance holes are connected by an approximately 40 m long curved gallery - called the "Big Cave". The second gallery, the "Small Cave", is of the same length but very narrow, the entrance being too small to be used. A passage between the two caves is except for a tiny gap at the top completely filled with debris and sediment deposits.</p><br>
<h2>Discovery and excavation</h2><br>
<p>On 23 May 1931 amateur archeologist Hermann Mohn unearthed a number of flintstone flakes while examining a badger&#39;s den. He informed the University of Tubingen. Excavations in the cave were undertaken in the same year by paleo-historian Gustav Riek from Tübingen over the course of three months from 15 July until 1 October 1931. Human occupation of the site was documented, as sediments from the Palaeolithic to the Bronze Age yielded tools and artefacts. The excavation also yielded several figurines of 5 to 10 cm length carved from mammoth ivory, found in an Aurignacian layer (see below). They featured ornamentation like dots, lines and x-shaped markings. These seem to be not an attempt to depict actual surface features of the creature in question, but may well be of a ritual or even religious character.</p><br>
<p>Rieks excavation completely cleared out all the sediments from inside the cave. More excavations at the cave began in the summer of 2005, conducted by the Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte of the Unviversity of Tubingen. The target was the waste material of Rieks dig, heaped in front of the cave entrance. With more modern methods and technology, a large number of findings were discovered. These included (on 22 June 2006) the mammoth figurine described below.</p><br>
<p>Due to the large number of discoveries, the excavations went on much longer than expected. Until 2012, each year digging continued for five to nine weeks. A total of around 90% of the waste heap have been examined. The findings include a total of 217,000 stone artefacts of various sizes. There are also 479 kg of bones (plus 235 kg of burned bones), mostly from hunted animals. Among 28 kg of mammoth ivory are 326 pierced pendants/pieces of jewelry. 1,713 tools made from bone, antlers or ivory and 64 broken pieces of ivory were found, the later definitely part of some form of figurative art. An additional 112 fragments were likely part of figures. Various pieces of flutes (made from bird bones and ivory) were also found.</p><br>
<h2>Stratigraphy</h2><br>
<p>Riek defined nine cultural horizons. The oldest scattered objects - stone artifacts - date back to the Middle Paleolithic - older than 40,000 years, representing traces and remains of occasional occupation by late Neanderthals.</p><br>
<p>Although hundreds of tools and artifacts made of stone, bone, ivory and antler are documented in all sediment layers beginning in the Eemian (ca. 130,000 years ago) to the top strata of the Bronze Age, human fossil discoveries are rare and most are attributed to the late Neolithic (ca. 5,000 years ago).</p><br>
<h3>Middle Paleolithic</h3><br>
<p>Mousterian VII</p><br>
<p>Layer Mousterian VII contained a hand axe shaped, broad fragment of yellow and white silex, a brown and grey silex tip which has been retouched on one side, a hollowed-out tip of grey-yellow silex; a total of three curved scrapers and two straight scrapers. Furthermore, an upper jaw fragment of a wild horse was found, of which five incisors have been preserved.</p><br>
<h3>Upper Paleolithic</h3><br>
<p>Frequent and widespread occupation took place during the Upper Palaeolithic - between 40,000 and 10,000 years ago - the Aurignacian deposits offer the primary source of information, the Gravettian is not present. Organic objects, fire places and missile tips were found.</p><br>
<p>Aurignacian V</p><br>
<p>In layer Aurignacian V two independent fireplaces were found, one in the main hall, the other near the south-western entrance. A total of 910 stone tools were recorded, distributed mainly in the vicinity of these fireplaces, the most common items being scrapers and gouges. Numerous bone and ivory artifacts were discovered, among the most common objects of organic material are missile tips.</p><br>
<p>Aurignacian IV</p><br>
<p>Gustav Riek dubbed this layer "Upper Aurignacian". Large-scale occupation in several settlement phases is documented. According to Riek&#39;s excavation report 1,729 stone artifacts and 82 organic artifacts were discovered. Among them were some pieces which were decorated by serrations. Of further interest are missile heads that are actually less frequent in this strata. However, one of these has a split base, four others have a solid base, and three are only fragmentary preserved as one of these fragments received lateral notches and X-marks.</p><br>
<p>Magdalenian III</p><br>
<p>Stone artifacts were discovered in layer Magdalenian III. Among the finds are four blade knives, three blades, a gouge, and two lateral flakes and a fragment of a reindeer antler with several cut marks and cut faces.</p><br>
<p>Magdalenian II</p><br>
<p>Layer Magdalenian II was rich in stone artifacts. These include eleven blades of varied quality and execution. Other finds include a reindeer&#39;s antler with a cut face and cut marks at the fork as well as an ivory palette with finely carved grooves.</p><br>
<h2>Vogelherd figurines</h2><br>
<p>The Vogelherd figurines are some of the world’s oldest-known works of figurative art, artefacts "made from the ivory of woolly mammoths" and "finely carved and exquisitely detailed".</p><br>
<p>The 1931 excavation yielded 11 figurines, found in the Aurignacian layers.</p><br>
<p>Interpretations of the carvings have been made in the context of these animals&#39; great importance for paleo-human survival and related hunting rituals and they may have served a purpose in pre-historic beliefs, cults and shamanistic practices.</p><br>
<p>Sculpture of a horse</p><br>
<p>Length: 4.8 cm</p><br>
<p>(ca. 30,000 – 29,000 years old)</p><br>
<p>"Exceptionally accurately shaped, perfect in form and remarkably expressive. Due to the curved neck, it is usually thought to represent a stallion with an aggressive or imposing bearing. Only the head is completely preserved. Due to the flaking of external ivory layers, the width has been reduced and the legs have broken off. There are engraved symbols, including cross marks and angular signs, on the back of the neck, as well as on the back and the left chest."</p><br>
<p>Sculpture of a woolly mammoth</p><br>
<p>Length: 3.7 cm</p><br>
<p>(ca. 35,000 years old)</p><br>
<p>The entirely intact woolly mammoth figurine displays skilfully detailed carvings. It is unique in its slim form, pointed tail, powerful legs and dynamically arched trunk. It is decorated with six short incisions, and the soles of the pachyderm&#39;s feet show a crosshatch pattern.</p><br>
<p>In 2009, the figurine became the central exhibit of a large Landesausstellung.</p><br>
<p>Sculpture of a cave lion</p><br>
<p>Length: 5.6 cm</p><br>
<p>(ca. 40,000 years old)</p><br>
<p>Found in 1931 with an incomplete head and thought to be a relief. The missing piece was found during the excavations between 2005 and 2012 and were successfully reattached, thus confirming that the figurine is in fact a three-dimensional sculpture. It is decorated with approximately 30 finely incised crosses on its spine.</p><br>
<h2>The faunal assemblage</h2><br>
<p>Among the faunal fossils of the Aurignacian, sixteen mammalian and seven avian taxa are represented. Reindeer and horse represent the primary prey. Although nearly equal in number, mammoth was according to the excavation data not actively hunted, but collected from natural death sites. Large bovid, red deer, wild boar, bison and chamois are also documented, but seem to have been secondary game. Small numbers of birds such as goose, ptarmigan, black grouse, and capercaillie suggest only occasional exploitation.</p><br>
<p>Moderate evidence of Middle Paleolithic presence of late Neanderthals suggests sporadic, non-frequent and seasonal occupation. Very few animal bones indicate regular intrusion of carnivores and bone dispersion by hyenas and wolves.</p><br>
<h2>UNESCO World Heritage Site</h2><br>
<p>In January 2016, the federal government of Germany applied for the status of World Heritage Site for two valleys with six caves named Höhlen der ältesten Eiszeitkunst ("Caves with the oldest Ice Age art"). The site would encompass areas in the Lonetal (valley of the Lone) and the Achtal (valley of the Ach) both in the southern Swabian Jura. The former includes the caves Hohlenstein-Stadel, Vogelherd and Bocksteinhöhle, the latter Geisenklösterle, Hohle Fels and Sirgenstein Cave. Each valley would contain a core area of around 3 to 4 km length, surrounded by a buffer zone of a least 100 m width.</p><br>
<p>In the argument why these sites deserve recognition as a part of the universal human heritage, the area is described as the source of the currently oldest (non-stationary) works of human art in the form of carved animal and humanoid figurines as well as the oldest musical instruments. Their creators lived, were inspired and worked in and around these caves. The caves also served as the repositories of the figurines which may have been used in a religious context. In addition, they were the venue where performers used the excavated musical instruments and where the social groups lived from which the artists sprang.</p><br>
<p>The committee awarded the status of WHS in July 2017.</p><br>
<p>Katakekaumene or Catacecaumene  was a name for a district in Lydia , and a union of ten cities in the area, during the Hellenistic and Roman periods.</p><br>
<p>The name means "burnt land" or "burnt country", referring to the pitch-black color of the lava and the dormant volcanic belt of Kula, which was first described by Strabo. Strabo (Geography, ) reported that some place Katakekaumene as the site of the mythological battle between Zeus and the giant Typhon.</p><br>
<h2>Decapolis</h2><br>
<p>Cities of the ancient decapolis included:</p><br>
<p>Satala in Lydia</p><br>
<p>Maionia in Lydia</p><br>
<p>Tabala in Lydia</p><br>
<p>Bagis</p><br>
<p>Silandos</p><br>
<p>Saittae</p><br>
<p>Daldis</p><br>
<p>Philadelphia in Lydia</p><br>
<p>Apollonos-Hieron</p><br>
<p>Mesotimolos or Gordos</p><br>
<p>Illeginni is an island in the Kwajalein Atoll, part of the Republic of the Marshall Islands .</p><br>
<p>Illeginni is located approximately 34 km directly south of Roi-Namur Island, the northernmost part in the atoll, and 49 km to the northwest of Kwajalein, the largest island and southernmost part of the atoll. The island runs roughly west-northwest to east-southeast. It is approximately 850 m long and averages about 175 m across. The northwestern end is a narrow finger that extends into several sandbars, while the southeastern end has a hook-shaped harbour on the north side.</p><br>
<p>Illeginni was the site of a Sprint missile launcher during the 1960s, part of the Nike-X anti-ballistic missile program. Sprint was a very short range system, and relied on a number of bases being spread around the area to be defended, one of these containing the control systems and master radar. Meck Island was the main base in the test system, while Illeginni was a model of the distributed launch sites. As Nike-X was modified to become Safeguard, Illeginni&#39;s site was changed (before construction) to hold four Sprint and four LIM-49 Spartan launchers. The launcher was abandoned after the Safeguard test program ended in the early 1970s.</p><br>
<p>A number of automated tracking cameras were installed as part of the Safeguard program, and one of these remains in use today to support overall operations of the Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site. The island also includes one of the two remote receivers for the TRADEX radar on Roi-Namur, the other remote is on Gellinam, close to Meck. When used together, the three radars are known as the Multistatic Measurement System, or MMS.</p><br>
<p>A helipad was installed on the eastern end of the island, but modern photography shows a new helipad on the former missile silos on the western end. A harbor has been dredged in the northern side of the eastern end of the island, where it is its widest. The coral dredged from the harbour was used to build the berm for the missile silos.</p><br>
<p>Château de Chastellux is a French castle with elements from the eleventh, thirteenth, fifteenth and nineteenth centuries. It is located in Chastellux-sur-Cure in the Yonne, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté.</p><br>
<p>This castle is still inhabited by the family who built it, a rarity in France. The oldest existing part of the building, the Saint-Jean tower, was built c. 1080 AD.</p><br>
<p>The main building was the first part to be registered as a monument historique in 1925. The Saint-Jean tower and the surrounding buildings were later classified in 1976 and 1989, respectively.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house of Chastellux takes its name from a place called Castrum Lucii located on the banks of the Cure, 15 km from Avallon. Initially, the building in its original state was a Roman fort made of wood and stone. There remains many traces of Roman influence in the region, including the mosaic of Chagnats found in the fields and currently on display at the museum of Avallonnais, Avallon.</p><br>
<h3>Middle Ages</h3><br>
<p>The oldest evidence of presence of the lords of Chastellux on the current site of the castle is an account of a hearing at "the ancient Saint Jean tower in 1116". The hearing was about a property rights dispute between local barons and clergy of the Abbey of Molesme.</p><br>
<p>For ten centuries, the castle of Chastellux did not stop growing, embellished and restored by successive generations of the family.</p><br>
<p>Planted on a rocky peak surmounting the Cure, its strategic location helped to protect the castle from attack. Located on the borders of the Yonne and Nièvre, the fortress hosted armies that came to defend the borders of Burgundy, being an independent duchy at the time.</p><br>
<p>In the twelfth century, the castle became a fortress, composed of tall towers linked by a thick battlement and guarded by a walkway. Wooden buildings are backed along the walls. They are used for livestock housing and the storage of animal feed. Comfort was nonexistent and homes played a very minor role compared to the "defensive" role of the fortress. The tower of St. John is the last remnant of this fortress. The tower, one of the oldest in Europe, consists of five levels. The staircase leading to the floors was cut into the thickness of the wall (a thickness of 3.5 meters at ground level). On the second floor is a prison officer and a dungeon accessed through an opening in the floor. The roof is topped with a lantern containing the warning bell, to alert the castle inhabitants of impending danger.</p><br>
<p>For additional protection, there was a second wall with several smaller towers, two of which still exist today. A ditch joining the two valleys close this second wall is no longer present.</p><br>
<p>In the 13th century, out of necessity, a larger building was built. The year 1240 was inscribed on stone walls, providing a date of construction of the guard room, which is the second oldest structure (after the tower of Saint-Jean).</p><br>
<p>The scaffolding of tower of the Ermitage and the Archives still exists today. On the west side a keep was created as well as an archives tour and the defensive tower of Amboise.</p><br>
<p>Throughout the history of the lords Chastellux remained near the Dukes of Burgundy and fought with them especially during the fall of Paris in 1417. The marshall of France, Claude de Chastellux defeated the Franco-Scottish army at the Battle of Cravant in 1423. This victory allowed him to receive several honorary privileges, such as the title of first hereditary canon of the Auxerre Chapter. He is buried in the chapel within the castle.</p><br>
<p>Over the last fifteen years of his life, the Marshal of Chastellux enlarged the second main building located between the tower of the Archives and the bastion of the tower of Amboise and built the Octagonal Tower and the castle chapel.</p><br>
<h3>Modern times</h3><br>
<p>Until the end of the reign of Louis XIII, the castle remained a fortress with a large garrison. In 1615 the Prince of Conde ordered the establishment of a company of 100 trained infantry and a company of 60 cavalry and the establishment of its castle and place of Chastellux. The castle site made for a strategic location for the defense of Burgundy.</p><br>
<p>Hercules, son of Oliver, was elected to the nobility of Burgundy States in 1618. In 1621, to demonstrate his esteem and gratitude for services rendered and for those of his father, Louis XIII meets the various strongholds in Chastellux. He meets with the lordship of Chastellux, the barony of Quarré-les-Tombes, Yonne and the Viscount of Avallon in county of Chastellux.</p><br>
<p>In 1780, François-Jean de Chastellux participates in the American Revolutionary War with George Washington. He explored the country and studied its diversity and later published reference books on his travels. He entered the Académie française in 1775. He is also known for being one of the first in France to receive and successfully test the vaccine against smallpox.</p><br>
<p>In 1786, on the death of his father-in-law, the Duke of Duras, Henri-Georges the count of Chastellux took command of the horsemen in honor to Princess Victoire, daughter of Louis XV, and begins his service. In anticipation of looming threats of the French Revolution, the princesses of France flee Italy in February 1791. They asked the Chastellux to accompany them, while the children of Henri-Georges stay in Autun.</p><br>
<p>The castle suffered considerable damage during the revolution. Revolutionaries vandalized the castle: all the old medieval weapons were stolen in 1792, the winery was looted and auctioned. On 5 August 1793, the furniture and archives were seized, paintings, priceless, are burned on August 10 at place Saint-Julien Avallon, currently the site of City Hall. The furniture was stolen, sold, and dispersed. All traces of the family blazon, found on woodwork, painting or a decorative element were promptly destroyed.</p><br>
<h3>Contemporary times</h3><br>
<p>After nineteen years of exile in Italy, the Earl and Countess of Chastellux did not return to inhabit the castle at the end of the Empire (1810). Their daughter, Georgine Chastellux became the wife of Charles de la Bédoyère. Charles de la Bédoyère helps Napoleon from his return from the island of Elba and consequently Louis XVIII makes charges for his arrest. After the fall of Waterloo, Louis XVIII shot Charles La Bédoyère on August 19, 1815 in Paris, despite the friendship between the monarch and the house of Chastellux.</p><br>
<p>Under the Restoration, the brother of Georgine, César Laurent Chastellux renovates the castle and the grounds. He removed the decorative additions of the eighteenth century and fully restored its medieval decor.</p><br>
<p>In 1940, General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny briefly took over the castle with his staff and forced the Earl and Countess of Chastellux to leave. However, the Earl and Countess of Chastellux return after three months of absence. In 1975: a chimney fire set fire to the roof and attic. The tower of Amboise still bears the traces of this fire, with the absence of a roof.</p><br>
<p>Several films have been shot at the Château de Chastellux during the 20th century. These include Mon oncle Benjamin (1969), "L&#39;épingle noire" (1982), "Le fantôme du lac" (2004).</p><br>
<h2>Protection</h2><br>
<p>The castle, not including the tour of Saint-Jean, was registered as a monument historique since 10 November 1925. The Saint-Jean tower has been classified as historical monument since 10 November 1976. The collection of facades and roofs of the outbuildings, terraces and basement, were classified as a historic monument on 17 February 1989. The castle and its surroundings are a protected site and a site registered by order of 9 September 1935.</p><br>
<h2>Visiting</h2><br>
<p>The castle is privately owned but has been open to visitors since 2008.</p><br>
<p>The Kemp-Shepard House is a historic house on Highbridge Road  in Georgia, Vermont. The main block of the brick house, built about 1830, is an important early work of a regional master builder, and it is attached to an older wood-frame ell. It was built on land that was among the first to be settled in the eastern part of the town. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Kemp-Shepard House stands in a rural area of eastern Georgia, on the north side of Highbridge Road just east of its crossing over an inlet of Arrowhead Mountain Lake. It stands on about 10 acre of land, a remnant of a once-larger farm property, much of which was inundated when the lake was formed in 1937. The main block is a 1-1/2 story brick structure, with a front-facing gable roof and stone foundation. To the rear of this is an attached wood-frame gable-roofed wing. The main block is three bays wide, with the main entrance set in a recessed opening in the right bay, flanked by sidelight windows. The door and windows are set in rectangular openings with stone sills and lintels. There are two sash windows on the attic level, with a diamond-shaped brickwork pattern nearer the gable. The cornice edge of the gable consists of corbelled brickwork. The interior retains many original finishes. The rear wing exhibits late 18th century construction techniques in its framing, and its original vertical batten siding has been covered by wooden clapboards.</p><br>
<p>The Kemp-Shepard property was first settled in the 1780s or early 1790s, at which time the c. 80 acre property had a log cabin built on it; this cabin was demolished in the 1980s. A wood-frame farmhouse, the ell of the present house, was built sometime between 1790 and 1810. About 1830 the main block of the house was built. It is the earliest known work of Levi N. Kemp, a poorly documented mason whose known surviving work is of very high quality. The brickwork appearing on this house was emulated in part by other masons, who built some of the other surviving brick houses in the area. The house remained in the hands of Kemp descendants (later named Shepard) into the late 20th century, and did not receive modern amenities such as plumbing and electricity until the 1980s.</p><br>
<p>The Sentinel Block is a historic building located in Iowa Falls, Iowa, United States. Previous commercial blocks in Iowa Falls tended to follow the more ornate Italianate style. This building, completed in 1905, marks a departure from those older structures. Rectilinear brick panels above the windows replaced the decorative hoodmolds, and the brick patterned cornice with a plain stone cap replaced the heavy metal cornice. The building also features an oriel window with a crenelated parapet. The building housed the Iowa Falls Sentinel for over 20 years. It begun as the Eldora Sentinel in 1857, relocated to Iowa Falls in 1865, and it was bought out by its competitor, the Hardin County Citizen, in 1927.</p><br>
<p>The building was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993. It was included as a contributing property in the Washington Avenue Commercial Historic District in 2012.</p><br>
<p>The Normand House is a historic residential property at 163-65 Intervale Avenue in Burlington, Vermont. Built in 1869 as a single-family and enlarged into three units in 1890, it is a well-preserved example of period worker housing. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Normand House stands near the northern end of Burlingtons Old North End neighborhood, on the west side of Intervale Avenue between Willow and Oak Streets. It is a two-story wood frame structure, with a nearly flat shed roof, clapboarded exterior, and stone foundation. The buildings architectural styling is limited to brackets in its eaves and a decorative spindled valance on the front porches. A covered stairway extends up the back of the right side, providing access to the rear unit of the building. The interior, significantly altered since the building&#39;s early construction, nevertheless retains some early woodwork.</p><br>
<p>The front portion of the house is its oldest, built in 1869 by Louis LaValle, a developer, for his personal use, and was one of the first houses built in the area. About 1890 it was converted into three units, raising the main blocks roof from a gable to its present shed-roof configuration, and building a large ell onto the rear. It is from this period that the Queen Anne stylistic elements were added to the exterior. The original rear of the property, facing St. Marys Street, had a second house built on it and was separated from this lot. The building was used as rental housing for workers for most of the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>Vallisaari  is an island in Helsinki, Finland. It is located between Suomenlinna and Santahamina.</p><br>
<p>The island has some ponds, and it was first known for hundreds of years as a place where sailors could take fresh water. Some fortifications were built on the island, but while neighbouring Suomenlinna became the main sea fort for Helsinki, Vallisaari was a supply point where cattle was grazing and firewood was collected.</p><br>
<p>Sweden and Russia were at war in 1808 and the Russians besieged Suomenlinna, they used Vallisaari as their base. When ruling the Grand Duchy of Finland Russians began developing fortifications in Vallisaari. It was part of Krepost Sveaborg.</p><br>
<p>After Finland gained its independence in 1917, weaponry of the Defence Forces was stored in Vallisaari until the 21th century. Ordnance, torpedoes, and mines were loaded and maintained; weather observations were made; and gas masks were repaired. There was some civilian population, too, which lead quite rural life farming on the island</p><br>
<p>The Finnish Defence Forces gave up the islands in 2008 and Vallisaari was opened as tourism destination in 2016.</p><br>
<p>Now Vallisaari is the most diverse nature destination in the metropolitan area. The Russian history of the island is reflected in the plants, some of which were brought to the island with animal fodder. Military activities have kept the embankments and the meadows between fortifications open, thereby enriching the diversity of nature. Several rare insects and bats fly on the island.</p><br>
<p>The Ellsworth-Jones Building is a historic building located in Iowa Falls, Iowa, United States. Eugene S. Ellsworth was a land broker, town developer, and philanthropist. This building was the headquarters of his firm Ellsworth and Jones, who sold land throughout Iowa and other states in the Midwest. While Iowa Falls was their headquarters, they also had offices in Chicago, Boston, and Crookston, Minnesota. The three-story, brick Neoclassical building was completed in 1902. It features Ionic and Doric columns, egg-and-dart motif on the lower level columns, round arches, acanthus leaf keystones, foliated decorative elements, a dentils on the cornice.</p><br>
<p>The building was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993. It was included as a contributing property in the Washington Avenue Commercial Historic District in 2012.</p><br>
<p>The Washington Avenue Commercial Historic District is a nationally recognized historic district located in Iowa Falls, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012. The district takes in most of the city&#39;s central business district. The buildings here were generally used for retail and office purposes. An opera house and theater are also located here. Around the edges of the district are buildings that housed automobile dealerships. The buildings generally range from one- to two-stories, but a couple structures are three-stories in height. Built between the 1857 and 1960, the buildings are composed of masonry construction. The commercial Italianate and Classical Revival styles are dominate.</p><br>
<p>Seven buildings that were individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places are contributing properties in the district. They include: the W.R.C. Hall (1898), the Metropolitan Opera House (1899), the Ellsworth-Jones Building (1902), the Sentinel Block (1905), the McClanahan Block (1913), First National Bank (1918), and the Princess Sweet Shop (1935).</p><br>
<p>The McClanahan Block is a historic building located in Iowa Falls, Iowa, United States. The city experienced a devastating fire in 1874, and most of the buildings on this block were built after the fire giving them a commonality of design. This two-story commercial building, completed in 1913, stands out given its polychrome brick and the simplicity of its design. Its decorative elements are found in the patterns created on its surface utilizing the bricks. At the time this building was constructed, Washington Avenue was paved and cement sidewalks replaced their wooden predecessors.</p><br>
<p>The building was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993. It was included as a contributing property in the Washington Avenue Commercial Historic District in 2012.</p><br>
<p>First National Bank is a historic building located in Iowa Falls, Iowa, United States. The bank traces its founding to 1882 when the Commercial Bank of Iowa Falls was established. Its name was changed to First National when they built a two-story brick building at this location two years later. In 1917 the bank decided it needed a new facility, so they turned to the Lytle Company of Sioux City, Iowa, which specialized in designing bank buildings. They designed this two-story brick Neoclassical structure. A rich surface pattern on the building was achieved with the use of terra cotta and special colors of brick. First National continued in business here until December 21, 1932 when it closed its doors. Iowa Falls State Bank was organized and opened in this building on May 25, 1933. In more recent years they expanded into the modern building immediately to the west.</p><br>
<p>The building was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993. It was included as a contributing property in the Washington Avenue Commercial Historic District in 2012.</p><br>
<p>Estes Park Band Shell is a historic building located in Iowa Falls, Iowa, United States. Planning and construction of the band shell were a community project that began in 1931. They engaged Iowa Falls native L.L. Klippel to design the structure, and N.F. Guernsey of Sioux City, Iowa to landscape Estes Park. Completed later in the year, the Mission/Spanish Revival structure features two bell towers with round arch balconies that flank the proscenium arch. There is a cement basement that houses rehearsal space. The walls are stucco, and the structure is capped with a tiled hip roof with bracketed eaves. Over the years the band shell has hosted concerts, dances, and a variety of entertainment activities. Labor unions and political parties have held rallies here. Wendell Willkie spoke here when he ran for president in 1940. The band shell was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>The Carnegie-Ellsworth Public Library is a historic building located in Iowa Falls, Iowa, United States. Local businessman Eugene Ellsworth donated the property for the library in 1902. The following year the Carnegie Foundation agreed to grant the community $10,000 to build the building. It was dedicated on August 9, 1904. The single-story, brick structure is dominated by an elaborate entrance pavilion. It features a semi-circular window above the cornice, which is supported by two Ionic pillars in antis between rusticated corner piers. The hip roof is capped by a cupola. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. The Robert W. Barlow Memorial Library, Iowa Falls&#39; public library, is now housed in a modern building near the Iowa River.</p><br>
<p>The Spina Hotel is a historic former hotel building in Ironton, Minnesota, United States. It was built in 1913 with multiple commercial spaces and grandly designed architecture. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 for having local significance in the themes of architecture and commerce. It was nominated for illustrating the scale of civic development anticipated but never fully achieved during the boom years of iron mining on the Cuyuna Range.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Spina Hotel is a two-story brick building with a footprint of 100 by. The northeast and southeast corners are cut off at an angle, and contain the principal doors. Cast iron columns decorate the eastern façade of the first floor and both angled corners. The building&#39;s National Register nomination describes the overall style as "mild commercial classicism."</p><br>
<p>The second story has a deep indentation at the rear, giving it a U-shape. The two angled corners sport false balconies flanked by wooden columns. All along the second story, paired one-over-one sash windows are topped by arches filled with decorative iron panels.</p><br>
<p>At the time of the building&#39;s nomination to the National Register in 1980, the first floor interior contained the hotel lobby, a bar, a barbershop, another commercial storefront, and a post office, while the hotel rooms were all on the second floor. At that time some of the original interior details, such as wood trim, pressed metal ceilings, and light fixtures, were still extant.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Spina Hotel was built in 1913 as the local economy was developing rapidly from iron mining on the Cuyuna Range. The hotels design anticipated an era of grandiosity. However the economic boom never fully materialized, and Irontons population began to decline after 1920. The Spina Hotel remains a largely intact vestige of a deliriously optimistic period in local history.</p><br>
<p>The Dr. B.J. Kendall Company is a historic industrial facility at 228 North Main Street in th Enosburg Falls village of Enosburgh, Vermont. Built in 1880, it was for many years the site where "Kendalls Spavin Cure", a treatment for a horse ailment, was manufactured and marketed. This business was one of the towns economic successes, its owners contributing significantly to its architectural heritage. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993; it presently  stands vacant.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Dr. B.J. Kendall Company building stands prominently near the northern end of Enosburg Falls, on the east side of North Main Street (Vermont Route 108N) at its junction with Sampsonville Road. It is a two-story wood frame structure, whose main portion is covered by a mansard roof, under which a full third floor is provided. An extending ell is covered by a flat roof. The exterior is covered in vinyl siding, which was laid over the original clapboards, and rests on a stone foundation. A slightly projecting square tower rises from the center of the seven-bay main section, also capped by a mansard roof. Windows in both the main and tower roof are framed by scrolled moulding and topped by gabled pediments. Some iron cresting survives at the top of the tower. The interior of the building retains a number of features original to its construction, including an elevator, fireproof vaults, and a speaking tube.</p><br>
<p>The factory was built in 1880. Dr. B.J. Kendall, an Enosburg Falls native, had returned to his home community in the 1870s, and was operating a drug store when he developed a liniment for the treatment of bone spavin, an ailment causing lameness in horses. Meeting with local success in its sale, he sought to expand, and built this factory with the financial aid of local investors. The business was a major success, its products marketed across from the east coast to the Rocky Mountains. Kendall and the other proprietors built fine houses in the town, and funded construction of the Enosburg Opera House. With the rise of the automobile in the first half of the 20th century, demand for the company product declined, and it closed its doors in 1957.</p><br>
<p>The North Street Historic District encompasses the traditional commercial area serving the residential Old North End neighborhood of Burlington, Vermont. It extends for ten blocks along North Street between North Avenue and North Winooski Avenue, and has served as the neighborhood&#39;s commercial center for over 150 years. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Burlingtons Old North End neighborhood arose as a residential area in the first half of the 19th century, and grew rapidly in the second half. Its growth was fueled by Burlingtons prominent lumber industry, which drew large numbers of immigrants to the city. North Street, running east from the waterfront of Lake Champlain, became the neighborhoods principal commercial thoroughfare. Although it started primarily residential, commercial development had begun by 1853. Early immigrants were primarily French Canadian and Irish, with later waves of European Jewish immigrants arriving in the late 19th through early 20th centuries. These arrivals lived in the tenement houses that populated the area, with some moving out when their financial condition made it possible, while others stayed and developed closely knit ethnic enclaves.</p><br>
<p>The district covers 24 acre and includes 70 buildings, most of which face North Street. A small number of buildings include on the district face the cross streets of North Avenue, North Winooski Avenue, Elmwood Avenue, North Champlain Street, and Intervale Avenue. Most of the buildings are either commercial or mixed-use commercial-residential, one to two stories in height. The largest number where built between 1870 and 1890, when the area was at its height of development, but buildings as old as 1830 and as recent as 1949 retain some historic character. The buildings are in a mix of architectural styles, generally in vernacular interpretations of styles popular at their time of construction.</p><br>
<p>The Eldora Downtown Historic District is a nationally recognized historic district located in Eldora, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009. The district takes in the city&#39;s central business district, which also includes its governmental, educational, and religious activities. It is located in the original town plat from 1853. Development began around the public square and spread out from there. The present building stock is second generation at the earliest. The oldest extant buildings were built in the 1870s, although the greatest number of buildings were constructed in the 1890s. There were also peak years of construction in the 1910s, and the late 1930s and 1940s. The commercial buildings generally range from one- to two-stories, but the tallest structure is three-stories in height. They are primarily composed of brick construction. Late Victorian and various revival styles from the late 19th and 20th centuries are dominate. The non-commercial buildings include four government buildings, four churches, three residences, a hospital, and a school.</p><br>
<p>Three buildings that were individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places are contributing properties in the district. They include: the Hardin County Courthouse (1892), the First Congregational Church (1894), and the former Eldora Public Library (1903). The three contributing objects include the Civil War monument, a Civil War cannon, and a World War I gun. They are all located on the courthouse square, which is the contributing site.</p><br>
<p>The Mills Tower Historic District is a nationally recognized historic district located in Iowa Falls, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990. All of the buildings are associated with the Illinois Central Railroad . The Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad, an affiliate of the IC, laid the first rail track to Iowa Falls in 1866. The following year the Iowa Falls & Sioux City Railroad, another IC affiliate, continued construction of the line to the west, and it reached Sioux City by 1870. The Burlington, Cedar Rapids and Northern Railway  by way of its affiliate the Cedar Rapids, Iowa Falls & North Western, entered Iowa Falls in 1880. Two years later it was expanded to the north and intersected with the IC main line, which required a controlled crossing. Little is known about this first crossing and what it contained.</p><br>
<p>Iowa Falls businessman E.S. Ellsworth founded the Des Moines, Iowa Falls & Northern Railroad (DIF&N) in 1899 with the intention of connecting Iowa Falls to Des Moines. The Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad acquired the BCR&N in 1903, and created the St. Paul & Des Moines Railroad to acquire the DIF&N and to complete the line to St. Paul, Minnesota beginning in 1905. This new Rock Island route created a new Junction with the IC to the east of the original Iowa Falls junction. The two-story frame Mills Tower was built at the new junction about 1909. It was designed by the IC and may have been built by them as well. Offices were located on the first floor, and the control room was on the second floor. The second contributing building is the c. 1912 signal maintainers and supply house. It was used mainly as storage and office space for the switchtender. The other buildings in this district were built later. They include the coal house, oil house, and tool house, all from about 1945, and an outhouse from 1976.</p><br>
<p>Iowa Falls Union Depot is a historic building located in Iowa Falls, Iowa, United States. The Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad, an affiliate of the Illinois Central Railroad , laid the first rail track to Iowa Falls in 1866. The following year the Iowa Falls & Sioux City Railroad, another IC affiliate, continued construction of the line to the west, and it reached Sioux City by 1870. They built a plain, two-story frame depot to serve Iowa Falls. The Burlington, Cedar Rapids and Northern Railway  by way of its affiliate the Cedar Rapids, Iowa Falls & North Western, entered Iowa Falls in 1880. They built their own depot. It was basically another east-west route, but local business leaders desired a north-south route to serve the community.</p><br>
<p>Iowa Falls businessman E.S. Ellsworth founded the Des Moines, Iowa Falls & Northern Railroad (DMIF&N) in 1899 with the intention of connecting Iowa Falls to Des Moines. They utilized the IC facilities in Iowa Falls for their local services. The IC decided to upgrade its facilities in 1902. The new depot was typical of the second generation IC depots in Iowa. It featured their standard floor plan, brick walls, a hipped roof, and simple interior finishings. It served as a union depot until 1908 when the DMIF&N was acquired by the St. Paul & Des Moines Railroad, a subsidiary of the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad. They built their own bridge across the Iowa River, and their own frame depot southeast of the union depot in 1909. The union depot continued to serve the Illinois Central until it discontinued passenger service in Iowa Falls. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The Alexander D. McDougall House is a historic house in the Willamette Heights neighborhood of Northwest Portland, in Portland, Oregon.</p><br>
<p>It was designed by architect Ellis Lawrence with elements of Tudor Revival architecture and Arts & Crafts architecture, and it was built in 1911 by local builders Franchell & Parlin.</p><br>
<p>The house is significant as an "excellent intact example" of the early work of Lawrence. Its notable features include the views afforded from its siting; on the outside its landscaping, rock walls, decorative half-timbering, brickwork, and verandah; and on the inside its floor plan which provides "comfort and efficiency" despite the large size of the house, its oak paneling, niches, built-in benches, and art glass window.</p><br>
<p>Elizabeth Island is the largest island in the inner Doubtful Sound, in Fiordland National Park, in New Zealand&#39;s South Island. It was created during the last glaciation, its narrow long shape aligned with the direction of the fiord. The island is uninhabited and entirely covered in dense native bush.</p><br>
<p>The island was named by Captain John Grono after his brig Elizabeth in late 1822 or early 1823.</p><br>
<p>The waters surrounding Elizabeth Island are protected by the Taipari Roa (Elizabeth Island) Marine Reserve. The western side of the island, facing the main flow of Doubtful Sound, contains extensive rock wall habitats. Off the southern end of the island are deep kelp beds. To the east of Elizabeth Island lies a shallow channel with high water flow, containing Olphert Cove and the mouth of Elizabeth River. This area is also home to black and red coral.</p><br>
<p>Illinois Central Combination Depot-Ackley is a historic building located in Ackley, Iowa, United States. The Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad, an affiliate of the Illinois Central Railroad , laid the first rail track to Iowa Falls in 1865. Two years later the Iowa Falls & Sioux City Railroad, another IC affiliate, continued construction of the line to the west, and it reached Sioux City by 1870. They built a plain, two-story frame depot to serve Ackley. From the 1890s to the 1920s the IC replaced its first generation stations with new brick structures. IC architect J.H. Schott designed the new depot at Ackley, and it was built by Coomer & Small Construction Company of Sioux City. The long and low single-story brick building exhibits influences from the Prairie School and the Tudor Revival style. A combination depot is one that incorporates passenger and freight services in the same building. It was also an island depot, meaning that it sat in the middle of the tracks. It was one of the last replacement depots the IC built before the Great Depression. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>Balla Round Tower is an Irish round tower and National Monument located in County Mayo, Ireland.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Balla Round Tower is located in central Balla, west of the Main Street (part of the N60) on the site of the modern graveyard.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A monastery was founded at Balla by Mo Chua of Balla (d. AD 637). The tower is believed to date from the 12th century, judging by the moulding on the lower jambs. The tower was used as a bell-tower in the 19th century.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Balla Round Tower was built with red and brown coursed sandstone, and the lower three stories survive. There are two doorways: one in the east 6.5 m up, and an arched north-facing lower down doorway – probably a later insertion. There is only one window, in the south of the tower. The lintel of the east door reused an old cross slab, and two bullaun stones are built into the base.</p><br>
<p>Montreal River Hill is a hill in Unorganized North Algoma District, Ontario, Canada, located 110 km north of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario near the Montreal River. Traversed by Ontario Highway 17, the hill is simultaneously considered one of the best parts of the Trans-Canada Highway to drive in good weather due to its scenic vistas, and one of the worst parts of the Trans-Canada Highway to drive in poor weather due to its long, steep grade.</p><br>
<p>The hill, which mounts a six per cent grade over a distance of three kilometres, can be particularly difficult for heavy trucking traffic to navigate. In winter, the hill can become a bottleneck in the Trans-Canada Highway system, as snow and ice can make the hill virtually impassable for all vehicles. In the event of closure due to an accident, drivers can use Ontario Highway 101 and Ontario Highway 129 as a detour; however, in the event of a closure due to weather conditions, Highway 129 is likely to also be impassable due to its own steep grades and sharp curves. Between 1998 and 2002 alone, at least 16 vehicle collisions were recorded on the hill.</p><br>
<p>The hill is also noted for the potential challenge it posed during Terry Foxs Marathon of Hope in 1980. For that leg of the marathon, Fox wore a T-shirt which read "Montreal River Here I Come" on the front, and "Ive Got You Beat" on the back. Because of its symbolic significance as the last major geophysical obstacle that Fox passed before being forced to abandon his run near Thunder Bay, the Montreal River Hill segment of his run was depicted in the 2005 television film Terry, although the segment was actually filmed on the less onerous Old Woman Bay hill nearer to Wawa.</p><br>
<p>The Ontario Ministry of Transportation has explored plans to realign Highway 17s Montreal River Hill route to both straighten its curves and reduce its grade. The preferred plan, released in 2004, would construct a new route between the community of Montreal River Harbour and the Gartshore Generating Station. The municipal governments in the region, including Wawa and Chapleau, have proposed an alternate solution, whereby the Highway 17 route would be left where it is in recognition of its scenic importance as a tourism destination in the area, while instead the Sultan Industrial Road would be upgraded to full provincial highway standards, providing an additional connection to Ontario Highway 144 as an alternate route. The township of Wawa later proposed alternate models which would see the highway realignment take place while still taking into account the existing routes importance: in one of the new alternatives, the current route would remain in operation as an alternate scenic route, while in another, the newly realigned highway would operate only in the winter, while for most of the year traffic would continue to use the existing route.</p><br>
<p>Union Cemetery Gardeners Cottage is a historic building located in Iowa Falls, Iowa, United States. When the town was platted in 1855 there was no provision for a cemetery. The women of the community formed the Social Gathering of Iowa Falls with the purpose of establishing a cemetery. They raised money and purchased the first 4.5 acre in 1860 from the three men who laid out Iowa Falls. By 1900 the organization minutes began referencing the need for the building for the sexton during stormy weather. It wasnt until 1918 that the Ladies Social Gathering authorized the construction of a building that they called a chapel and mortuary. The single-story American Craftsman cottage was designed by W.L. Peddicord. While it was used for a variety of functions, it appears that it was never used as a chapel. It has generally been used to house the sexton&#39;s tools, and it has been used as the cemetery office. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The C. A. Landerberger House, also known as the Landenberger-Jorgensen House or the Emil Jorgensen House, is a historic Queen Anne-style house in Portland, Oregon, that was built in 1896. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. It is also a contributing building in the NRHP-listed Alphabet Historic District.</p><br>
<p>While the 2-1/2-story house has no tower, which is often a salient feature of Queen Anne architecture, the house does have multiple Queen Anne features: it is asymmetrical in design, it has varied bays and projections, and it has varied siding. It rests on an ashlar foundation.</p><br>
<p>The house is included in a walking tour of the Nob Hill neighborhood. The tour refers to it as one of Portland&#39;s first examples of Craftsman architecture.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed significant for its architecture, and also for its association with Christian Adam Landenberger (c.1830–1906) and family. Christian and his wife Marie, who immigrated together from Germany to New York and moved to Portland in 1866, lived in the house from 1896 until 1906. They left it to their sole surviving child, Pauline, and Pauline&#39;s husband Emil C. Jorgensen, who lived in the house until 1931.</p><br>
<p>In 1987 the house was "in excellent condition and remarkably intact."</p><br>
<p>Steamboat Rock Consolidated Schools Building, also known as the Steamboat Rock Community School, is a historic building located in Steamboat Rock, Iowa, United States. The first school in town was a one-room school that opened a year after the town was platted in 1855. A two story brick school building was completed in 1869. Beginning in 1919 rural school districts began to merge with the Steamboat Rock district, which began to substantially increase the student population. The main part of this school building was completed in 1928. The gymnasium/music room/shop building was added in 1956 to accommodate the post World War II baby boom. As the 20th century continued the population in rural areas declined, which affected enrollment. The Steamboat Rock School merged with the Wellsburg and Ackley-Geneva districts in 1997, and this building was left empty. The city acquired it in 1999, and it now houses a variety of retail businesses and offices. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>The L&#39;Ecole Saintes-Anges, or the Holy Angels Convent in English, is a historic religious and educational building at 247 Lake Street in the city of St. Albans, Vermont. Built in 1899, it is a prominent local example of Romanesque Revival architecture, and served historically as a significant cultural center for the local French Canadian immigrant population. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. The building has been readapted for residential use.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Holy Angels Convent stands a few blocks west of downtown St. Albans, on the north side of Lake Street (Vermont Route 36) opposited its junction with Edward Street, and across a parking lot with the Holy Angels Catholic Church. It is a three-story brick building, covered by a hip roof and set on a raised foundation of rusticated granite blocks. The main facade has projecting full-height bays flanking a central section with a recessed entrance. The right bay is topped by a tower capped by a steep hip roof with iron cresting. Windows are set in segmented-arch openings on the first two floors, and round-arch openings on the third, with stone keystones and sills. The eave features decorative brick corbelling.</p><br>
<p>St. Albans, located just 15 mi from the Canada-United States border, has a long history of immigration from adjacent Quebec. By the 1850s its French-speaking population had grown to the point where the local Roman Catholic diocese established the Holy Angels Convent a few blocks north of the present site. The nuns taught classes in French to the local population in a bid to maintain their French language and culture. By the 1890s that space was outgrown, and the present building was constructed in 1899. It was for 75 years an educational and social center for the surrounding neighborhood, which still has many residents of French Canadian descent. The building has since been converted into residential units.</p><br>
<p>The Plainfield Village Historic District encompasses a significant portion of the village of Plainfield, Vermont. Located in northernmost Plainfield on United States Route 2 , the village grew in the 19th century as a mill town and service community for the surround agricultural areas, and has a well-preserved collection of Greek Revival and Italianate architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The town of Plainfield is located in the Winooski River valley east of Montpelier, the state capital. Its northernmost corner is crossed by US 2, which follows the river valley. At the river&#39;s confluence with Great Brook, a waterfall provided power for grist and sawmills in the late 18th century. The village arose around this mill privilege, lining the main road on the north side of the river, across the river in the area northeast of the confluence. Despite a number of fires and floods that destroyed the mills, they were repeatedly rebuilt, and other industries also arose to take advantage of the water power. Today, only the dam on the river remains as a reminder of this industrial past. The village now acts as a service center for nearby Goddard College, and for commuters to Montpelier.</p><br>
<p>The historic district extends along US 2 between Towne Avenue in the west and roughly Hillside Drive in Marshfield to the east. It extends across the river along Main Street to Creamery Street, and along River Street just across Great Brook. A modest number of commercial buildings are clustered along US 2 and Main Street, while most of the remaining buildings are residential. The most common architectural styles are the Greek Revival and Italianate styles of the mid-19th century, when the village was at its economic height, and include an unusually large number of brick houses. Public buildings include the town hall (a Greek Revival former Universalist church) and library, as well as the local Methodist church (also Greek Revival, 1852).</p><br>
<p>The O.J. Walker was a cargo schooner that plied the waters of Lake Champlain between New York and Vermont. Built in 1862 in Burlington, Vermont, she hauled freight until sinking off the Burlington coast in a storm in 1895, while carrying a load of brick and tile. The shipwreck, located west of the Burlington Breakwater, is a Vermont State Historic Site, and is accessible to registered divers. It is one of the best-preserved examples of the 1862 class of sailing canal schooners, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The O.J. Walker was a sailing schooner that was built to sail both on Lake Champlain and on the waters of the Champlain Canal after it was widened. She was 85.8 ft long, with a beam of about 14.5 ft and a hold depth of about 6.5 ft. She had a flat bottom with a short keel plank, only 6 in in height. She was built using chine construction, a method common for the lake and canal vessels of the period. She had two masts and was rigged as a schooner.</p><br>
<p>She was built in 1862 by Orson Saxton Spear, one of the lake&#39;s leading shipbuilders of the period, at a shipyard in South Burlington. She was named for Obadiah Walker, a prominent Burlington businessman, apparently in the hopes that he would use her services. Her first owner was Joseph Kirby, who may have had some type of relationship (possibly financial) with Walker. By 1893, she was owned by John and Henry Brown, a father-son team who owned a brickyard on Malletts Bay in Colchester. On May 11, 1895, she was loaded with a cargo of brick and tile, destined for Shelburne, Vermont, when she was caught up in a storm and apparently sprang a leak. Based on evidence at the shipwreck site, her deck had been loaded with goods, and was probably topheavy. The deck goods were dumped when the ship rolled, but she then righted again before sinking. The captain and crew all survived.</p><br>
<p>The wreck of the O.J. Walker lies in the waters of Burlington Bay, outside the Burlington Breakwater. It is the only known sailing schooner wreck which includes elements of the masts and spars, giving crucial insight into the riggings of these vessels, which were built in large numbers in the mid-19th century. The wreck site is now one of Vermont&#39;s underwater historic sites, and is accessible to licensed divers; registration is required.</p><br>
